Archive for Juli 2014
Finally. The last pattern of Reading Text "Cause-Effect Paragraph"
Senin, 21 Juli 2014
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1.4 CAUSE-EFFECT PARAGRAPH
Many people believe that the act of courage lies within each individual, and these acts of courage can be brought out by three possible causes. The first cause, and the most obvious, is provocation. Often times this is seen in movies where the villain kidnaps and threatens to kill the hero's family. More often that not, the hero finds it within himself to put aside his fears and overcome near impossible odds to save the day. The majority of the time it is direct threats such as this one that provoke human nature to acts of courage. The second cause is a purpose. In 2001, the Twin Towers fell to terrorist attacks. Military enlistments reached all time highs as many men and women joined the armed forces. For many of these people, the prospect of serving their country, and gaining revenge for the cowardice acts of the terrorists were the only reasons necessary for their courage. The third cause is a belief in a higher power. The presence of God gives many people the courage to do things they would not be able to do otherwise. His words play clearly in their minds," Be strong and of good courage", because: "the lord thy god is with thee whithersoever thou goest"(bible reference). According to God and his followers, his presence is enough cause for courage. For these people, their courage knows no boundaries. Whatever your inspiration for courage may be, you can just about bet it was brought on by one of these three underlying circumstances.
Topic : courage at a cost
Main idea : Many people believe that the act of courage lies within each individual,
and these acts of courage can be brought out by three
possible causes
Cause Signal word Effect
provocation The first cause courage
purpose The second cause courage
belief in a higher power The third cause courage
(from. www.causeeffectparagraphexample.com)
Example of Conseptual Articles
Comparison between Male and Female Elite Wrestlers: A
Psychological Study
Abstract
Anxiety is recognized one of the main factor that reduces athlete’s performance in games and sports but its depend on the nature of anxiety, So many psychological studies and lot of researchers and their research evidences support that high levels of anxiety can have a deteriorating effect on an individual athlete or team
performance. This research paper was carried out to examine possible significant differences in cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and self confidence among elite male and female wrestlers. The present investigation was used to form the samples as twenty five (N=25) medalist (12 male and 13 female) randomly selected from
different weight categories in All India interuniversity wrestling competition. All subject readily agreed to volunteer as subject for collection of data. For this purpose measuring instruments was used Competitive State Anxiety Inventory - 2 (CSAI-2) Test developed by Martine’s et. al (1990) , after that collected data was analyzed by using t- test to find out the significance differences between male and female elite wrestlers on above mentioned sub- psychological variable and the level of significance was set at 0.05 level of confidence.The obtain result advocate that each sub-variable (cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and self confidence) findings in contrast and that found insignificance difference among elite male and female elite wrestlers.
Keywords: cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety and self confidence, elite wrestlers
A Model of Creating Instructional Materials Based on the School
Curriculum for Indonesian Secondary Schools
Comparison between Male and Female Elite Wrestlers: A
Psychological Study
Abstract
Anxiety is recognized one of the main factor that reduces athlete’s performance in games and sports but its depend on the nature of anxiety, So many psychological studies and lot of researchers and their research evidences support that high levels of anxiety can have a deteriorating effect on an individual athlete or team
performance. This research paper was carried out to examine possible significant differences in cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and self confidence among elite male and female wrestlers. The present investigation was used to form the samples as twenty five (N=25) medalist (12 male and 13 female) randomly selected from
different weight categories in All India interuniversity wrestling competition. All subject readily agreed to volunteer as subject for collection of data. For this purpose measuring instruments was used Competitive State Anxiety Inventory - 2 (CSAI-2) Test developed by Martine’s et. al (1990) , after that collected data was analyzed by using t- test to find out the significance differences between male and female elite wrestlers on above mentioned sub- psychological variable and the level of significance was set at 0.05 level of confidence.The obtain result advocate that each sub-variable (cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and self confidence) findings in contrast and that found insignificance difference among elite male and female elite wrestlers.
Keywords: cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety and self confidence, elite wrestlers
A Model of Creating Instructional Materials Based on the School
Curriculum for Indonesian Secondary Schools
Abstract
English performance and competence of Indonesian secondary school students are low. This may result from poor instructional materials so that they do not meet the students’ need; and this should be the main objective for English teachers to improve the learning outcome of students. The purpose of this study is to develop a model of
creating instructional materials based on school curriculum. Creating a model of designing instructional materials is part my developmental study consisting of need analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation; this paper discuss need analysis to create a model of creating instructional materials through deep
discussion among teachers of secondary schools. The result presents some main procedures need analysis, designing, developing the materials, implementation, and evaluation (ADDIE). The other components include purpose, school curriculum, application of pedagogical aspects, contextualization. The model is derived from
ADDIE, Dick and Carey, Jolly & Bolitho, and Instructional Development Learning system (IDLS). Instructional materials with different strategies and various materials improve the English achievement of the students. Both teachers and students argue that appropriate instructional materials are good enough to be used in the teaching
and learning process to increase the English achievement of the students.
Keywords: Development; teaching model; English for secondary school students; competence
Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis by HPLC of Major
Peganum harmala Alkaloids at Different Stages of Development
English performance and competence of Indonesian secondary school students are low. This may result from poor instructional materials so that they do not meet the students’ need; and this should be the main objective for English teachers to improve the learning outcome of students. The purpose of this study is to develop a model of
creating instructional materials based on school curriculum. Creating a model of designing instructional materials is part my developmental study consisting of need analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation; this paper discuss need analysis to create a model of creating instructional materials through deep
discussion among teachers of secondary schools. The result presents some main procedures need analysis, designing, developing the materials, implementation, and evaluation (ADDIE). The other components include purpose, school curriculum, application of pedagogical aspects, contextualization. The model is derived from
ADDIE, Dick and Carey, Jolly & Bolitho, and Instructional Development Learning system (IDLS). Instructional materials with different strategies and various materials improve the English achievement of the students. Both teachers and students argue that appropriate instructional materials are good enough to be used in the teaching
and learning process to increase the English achievement of the students.
Keywords: Development; teaching model; English for secondary school students; competence
Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis by HPLC of Major
Peganum harmala Alkaloids at Different Stages of Development
Abstract
The analysis of major Peganum harmala alkaloids (harmaline, harmine, harmol and harmalol) has shown that the content of these secondary metabolites depends on the plant development stage. The qualitative and quantitative profile of major alkaloids change significantly between stems, leaves and roots. The roots and seeds are the richest and most diversified organs in these metabolites. The concentration of the major alkaloids in all organs increases during the first three weeks and stabilizes at a constant level during vegetative growth phase and then decline at the beginning of flowering. On the scale of the whole plant, major alkaloids concentration of P. harmala varies with the developmental stage of the plant between 21.16 and 26.96 mg/g and harmine remains the most abundant molecule. Optimum exploitation of these natural products from the P. harmala plant is possible if the harvest of plant material occurs during the vegetative growth phase and at the appropriate stage
for the richest organ.
Keywords: Peganum harmala, Plant growth, Alkaloids, Harmine, Harmaline, Harmol, Harmalol
Example of Research Article
Factors Affecting the Quality of Research in Education:
Student’s Perceptions
The analysis of major Peganum harmala alkaloids (harmaline, harmine, harmol and harmalol) has shown that the content of these secondary metabolites depends on the plant development stage. The qualitative and quantitative profile of major alkaloids change significantly between stems, leaves and roots. The roots and seeds are the richest and most diversified organs in these metabolites. The concentration of the major alkaloids in all organs increases during the first three weeks and stabilizes at a constant level during vegetative growth phase and then decline at the beginning of flowering. On the scale of the whole plant, major alkaloids concentration of P. harmala varies with the developmental stage of the plant between 21.16 and 26.96 mg/g and harmine remains the most abundant molecule. Optimum exploitation of these natural products from the P. harmala plant is possible if the harvest of plant material occurs during the vegetative growth phase and at the appropriate stage
for the richest organ.
Keywords: Peganum harmala, Plant growth, Alkaloids, Harmine, Harmaline, Harmol, Harmalol
Example of Research Article
Factors Affecting the Quality of Research in Education:
Student’s Perceptions
Abstract
The major function of universities is to create new knowledge and preserve it for the next generation. The quality of research at higher level is not satisfactory. Quality of research may defined in operational term as “the research which is completed in time, having rigorous research design which is internally and externally valid, based on reliable data sources, use of appropriate analytical methods which are meaningful in practical and statistical terms. The present study focused on those factors which are directly or indirectly hampering the quality of research in education. To analyze the research student’s perceptions about the direct factors regarding teachers, research course, facilities and supervisors. An expletory research with cross-sectional study design was conducted with a study
population of ninety research students at PhD and M.Phil level of International Islamic University, Islamabad. Whole population was treated as sample. Data was collected through self administered three point Likert scale questionnaire and analyzed through percentages. The major findings were that students were not satisfied with the teaching and the course content. Although the facilities were
satisfactory but the system of supervision was not satisfactory. It was recommended that by the improvement of these factors quality of research can be improved. It was also suggested that training may be imparted for the improvement of teaching.
Keywords: Factors, Quality of research, Research Student’s perceptions
Developing an Evaluation Model for E-Learning in Higher-
Education: A Case Study of Payame Noor University
The major function of universities is to create new knowledge and preserve it for the next generation. The quality of research at higher level is not satisfactory. Quality of research may defined in operational term as “the research which is completed in time, having rigorous research design which is internally and externally valid, based on reliable data sources, use of appropriate analytical methods which are meaningful in practical and statistical terms. The present study focused on those factors which are directly or indirectly hampering the quality of research in education. To analyze the research student’s perceptions about the direct factors regarding teachers, research course, facilities and supervisors. An expletory research with cross-sectional study design was conducted with a study
population of ninety research students at PhD and M.Phil level of International Islamic University, Islamabad. Whole population was treated as sample. Data was collected through self administered three point Likert scale questionnaire and analyzed through percentages. The major findings were that students were not satisfied with the teaching and the course content. Although the facilities were
satisfactory but the system of supervision was not satisfactory. It was recommended that by the improvement of these factors quality of research can be improved. It was also suggested that training may be imparted for the improvement of teaching.
Keywords: Factors, Quality of research, Research Student’s perceptions
Developing an Evaluation Model for E-Learning in Higher-
Education: A Case Study of Payame Noor University
Abstract
The purpose of the present research is to develop an evaluation model for e-learning in higher-education in Payame Noor University, for studying this research we use the review of literature and research about Electronic learning through questionnaires and survey of scientific members and statistic analysis of SPSS. Result of this
research led to an offering pattern in evaluation of E- learning area with 9 factors and 33 criteria. This pattern also will be use for designing, performance and evaluation of the E- learning in Payame Noor University and other higher education institutes all over the world.
Keywords: E-learning, evaluation, modeling, distance higher-education, Payame Noor University
The Benefits and Downsides of Creative Methods of Teaching in
an EFL Classroom: A Case Study Conducted at South East
European University, Tetovo-Macedonia.
The purpose of the present research is to develop an evaluation model for e-learning in higher-education in Payame Noor University, for studying this research we use the review of literature and research about Electronic learning through questionnaires and survey of scientific members and statistic analysis of SPSS. Result of this
research led to an offering pattern in evaluation of E- learning area with 9 factors and 33 criteria. This pattern also will be use for designing, performance and evaluation of the E- learning in Payame Noor University and other higher education institutes all over the world.
Keywords: E-learning, evaluation, modeling, distance higher-education, Payame Noor University
The Benefits and Downsides of Creative Methods of Teaching in
an EFL Classroom: A Case Study Conducted at South East
European University, Tetovo-Macedonia.
Abstract
This paper looks at the creative methods in English Language Teaching (ELT) and the benefits and downsides that emerge subsequently. It looks at different viewpoints on creativity and creative methods in teaching. It focuses on a particular class (Academic English),at South East European University, Tetovo-Macedonia, where
creative methods were applied and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of applying these techniques. The class is observed and the data or findings are presented in a qualitative way. The results imply that despite some possible downfalls, creative teachers show better results in English language teaching and learning compared to the traditional way of teaching.
Keywords: benefits, downsides, creative methods, teaching, learning, ELT
(I hope it will helpful) :)
(from. www.comparisonpatternexample.com)
This paper looks at the creative methods in English Language Teaching (ELT) and the benefits and downsides that emerge subsequently. It looks at different viewpoints on creativity and creative methods in teaching. It focuses on a particular class (Academic English),at South East European University, Tetovo-Macedonia, where
creative methods were applied and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of applying these techniques. The class is observed and the data or findings are presented in a qualitative way. The results imply that despite some possible downfalls, creative teachers show better results in English language teaching and learning compared to the traditional way of teaching.
Keywords: benefits, downsides, creative methods, teaching, learning, ELT
(I hope it will helpful) :)
(from. www.comparisonpatternexample.com)
LISTING
(hehehe only one :D)
(from. www.listingparagraphexample.com)
TIME-ORDER PARAGRAPHS
I. DEFINITION - a paragraph in which the ideas are placed in order by timeII. EXAMPLES
A.How to bake a cake
B.How to change a tire
III. PARAGRAPH OUTLINE - Before you begin to write, plan what you are going to write using an outline. Outlines organize your ideas in logical order.
A.STEPS IN MAKING AN OUTLINE
1.
2.
3.
4.
B.Brainstorm a list
Edit the list
• combine related ideas
• cross out repeated ideas
• cross out unnecessary ideas
Edit the list
• combine related ideas
• cross out repeated ideas
• cross out unnecessary ideas
Organize the list
• put the steps in order by time
• give each step a capital letter
Add a title and a topic sentence
• put the steps in order by time
• give each step a capital letter
Add a title and a topic sentence
COMPLETED OUTLINE - Characteristics
• The title is centered at the top.
• The topic sentence is below the title. (main idea)
• The five steps are listed under the topic sentence and have
capital letters A, B, C, and so on
• The title is centered at the top.
• The topic sentence is below the title. (main idea)
• The five steps are listed under the topic sentence and have
capital letters A, B, C, and so on
IV. TIME-ORDER TRANSITION SIGNALS
A. DEFINITION - a word or phrase that shows how one idea is related to another idea.
A. DEFINITION - a word or phrase that shows how one idea is related to another idea.
B. PLACEMENT - Time-order transitions are usually placed at the beginning of a sentence followed by a comma. (Then is NOT followed by a comma).
C. EXAMPLES
First, ...
First of all, ...
Second, ...
Third, ...
Next, ...
After that, ...
Then, ...
Finally, ...
In the morning, ...
In the afternoon, ...
In the evening, ...
At night, ...
First, ...
First of all, ...
Second, ...
Third, ...
Next, ...
After that, ...
Then, ...
Finally, ...
In the morning, ...
In the afternoon, ...
In the evening, ...
At night, ...
OUTLINING PRACTICE
A Popular but Messy Food
Eating a juicy taco is not easy - it requires following specific directions.
First, you must be sure you are wearing clothes you don't mind getting dirty. Eating
a taco while you are wearing an expensive silk blouse is not a smart idea. The next
thing that you should do is to decide if you want to eat the taco alone or in front of
others. Eating a taco in front of someone you do not know very well, such as a new
date, can be embarrassing. The next step is to plan your attack! It is a good idea to
pick up the taco gently and carefully keep it in a horizontal position. As you raise
the taco, slowly turn your head toward it and position your head at a twenty-degree
angle. The last step is to put the corner of the taco in your mouth and bite. By
following these simple directions, eating a taco can be a pleasant experience.
A Popular but Messy Food
Eating a juicy taco is not easy - it requires following specific directions.
First, you must be sure you are wearing clothes you don't mind getting dirty. Eating
a taco while you are wearing an expensive silk blouse is not a smart idea. The next
thing that you should do is to decide if you want to eat the taco alone or in front of
others. Eating a taco in front of someone you do not know very well, such as a new
date, can be embarrassing. The next step is to plan your attack! It is a good idea to
pick up the taco gently and carefully keep it in a horizontal position. As you raise
the taco, slowly turn your head toward it and position your head at a twenty-degree
angle. The last step is to put the corner of the taco in your mouth and bite. By
following these simple directions, eating a taco can be a pleasant experience.
What is the topic sentence? ________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
I.
__________________________________
__________________________________
⇐
Topic sentence / main idea
II.
____________________________ ⇐ Point #1
____________________________ ⇐ Point #2
____________________________ ⇐ Point #3
1.
2.
3.
A.
B.
C.
⇐ Detail #1
⇐ Detail #2
⇐ Detail #3
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
__________________________________
________________________________________________
⇐
conclusion
_______________________________________________________________
I.
__________________________________
__________________________________
⇐
Topic sentence / main idea
II.
____________________________ ⇐ Point #1
____________________________ ⇐ Point #2
____________________________ ⇐ Point #3
1.
2.
3.
A.
B.
C.
⇐ Detail #1
⇐ Detail #2
⇐ Detail #3
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
__________________________________
________________________________________________
⇐
conclusion
A Unique Treat
Turkish coffee is not easy to make, but the results are delicious. First, you
need a special coffeepot called a "jezve". This is a long-handled, open brass or
copper pot. Pour three small cups of water into the pot. Next, heat the water until
it boils. Then remove the pot from the heat. Add three teaspoons of coffee and
three teaspoons of sugar to the water. Gently stir the mixture and return it to the
heat until you can see foam on the top. When you can see the foam on top, take the
"jezve" from the heat and hit it lightly with a spoon to make the foam go down.
Reheat the coffee and tap the pot two more times, making sure to remove it from
the heat each time the foam forms. Before you serve the coffee, give everyone a
small glass of fresh water to drink with their hot, thick coffee.
Turkish coffee is not easy to make, but the results are delicious. First, you
need a special coffeepot called a "jezve". This is a long-handled, open brass or
copper pot. Pour three small cups of water into the pot. Next, heat the water until
it boils. Then remove the pot from the heat. Add three teaspoons of coffee and
three teaspoons of sugar to the water. Gently stir the mixture and return it to the
heat until you can see foam on the top. When you can see the foam on top, take the
"jezve" from the heat and hit it lightly with a spoon to make the foam go down.
Reheat the coffee and tap the pot two more times, making sure to remove it from
the heat each time the foam forms. Before you serve the coffee, give everyone a
small glass of fresh water to drink with their hot, thick coffee.
What is the topic sentence? ________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
I.
__________________________________
__________________________________
⇐
Topic sentence / main idea
A. ⇐ Point #1 & 2
B. ______________________________________ ⇐ Point #3 & 4
C. ______________________________________ ⇐ Point #5 & 6
D. ______________________________________ ⇐ Point #7 & 8
E. ______________________________________ ⇐ Point #9 & 10
F.
II.
______________________________________ ______________________________________ ⇐ Point #11
__________________________________
⇐
conclusion
________________________________________________
The author states that Turkish coffee is difficult to make. Find three examples from the
paragraph that support this idea.
1.
2.
3.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
(from. www.timeorderexample.com)
_______________________________________________________________
I.
__________________________________
__________________________________
⇐
Topic sentence / main idea
A. ⇐ Point #1 & 2
B. ______________________________________ ⇐ Point #3 & 4
C. ______________________________________ ⇐ Point #5 & 6
D. ______________________________________ ⇐ Point #7 & 8
E. ______________________________________ ⇐ Point #9 & 10
F.
II.
______________________________________ ______________________________________ ⇐ Point #11
__________________________________
⇐
conclusion
________________________________________________
The author states that Turkish coffee is difficult to make. Find three examples from the
paragraph that support this idea.
1.
2.
3.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
(from. www.timeorderexample.com)